• ISSN: 1674-7461
  • CN: 11-5823/TU
  • 主管:中国科学技术协会
  • 主办:中国图学学会
  • 承办:中国建筑科学研究院有限公司

面向建筑空间密接风险评估的人流疏散策略仿真系统研究

A Simulation System for Evacuation Strategy Optimization Oriented to Close Contact Risk Assessment in Architectural Spaces

  • 摘要: 为解决公共卫生事件下建筑空间人流安全疏散能力评估缺乏有效方法这一困境,本研究开发了一套能够量化评估公共建筑空间密接事件控制功能的人流疏散策略仿真系统。系统采用基于个体的建模(Agent-based modeling, ABM)方法,构建“信息输入-仿真-评价输出”三层模块:通过模型参数映射实现策略快速嵌入;利用自动化脚本完成模型的轻量化与标准化;在仿真过程中统计“密接次数”,并输出空间密接记录与事件日志。并以某教学楼为案例,分别设定基准、错位开门、有组织引导以及组织引导+门控干预协同等四种策略,对所设计系统进行实验验证。结果显示:不同策略下密接次数由最高9 456次降至最低5 592次,最大降幅40.86%,密接高发区域由显著集中转为均衡分散,实验结果表明,组织引导和门控干预相协同的策略最具优势,验证了本文所提出系统的有效性。本系统具备跨场景迁移能力,可支持多类型空间的风险量化,不仅为设计前期提供了科学决策依据,还能够为后续集成实测数据校准与多智能体学习优化奠定基础。

     

    Abstract: This study presents a crowd simulation system developed with Unreal Engine to evaluate close contact risks and optimize evacuation strategies in public buildings during health emergencies. Using an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach, the system integrates three modules: input, simulation, and evaluation. It enables quick strategy embedding via parameter mapping, automated model processing through scripting, and real-time recording of close contact events, and output space close contact records and event. A teaching building was used as a case study, testing four scenarios: baseline, staggered door opening, organized guidance, and combined guidance with door-control intervention. Results showed a reduction in close contact events from 9, 456 to 5, 592-a 40.86% decrease. High-risk zones shifted from concentrated clusters to more balanced spatial distributions, with the combined strategy proving most effective. The system supports cross-scenario application, providing a flexible tool for risk quantification in various spatial environments. It offers decision-making support during early design phases and establishes a foundation for future integration of real-world data calibration and multi-agent learning–based optimization.

     

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