Abstract: With the advancement of new quality productive forces and smart construction paradigms, the traditional bridge construction industry is accelerating its transformation toward digitalization and intelligence. Taking the bridge construction process as the research object and considering the inherent complexity of bridge engineering alongside its multi-factor information characteristics, this paper proposes a theoretical framework for multi-dimensional modeling of bridge intelligent construction based on digital twin technology. Specifically, a multi-dimensional model is constructed from four perspectives: geometry, physics, behavior, and rules. Building upon this framework, the key technologies are investigated, including geometric modeling of bridge structural entities, physics-based modeling of structural entities, mechanism–data fusion-driven construction behavior modeling, and rule-based modeling of bridge component production processes under multi-condition constraints. These technologies effectively enhance the efficiency and quality of multi-dimensional model construction. Finally, leveraging a typical incremental launching construction scenario, the application methodology and practical pathway of digital twin technology in bridge intelligent construction are explored. The results demonstrate that the synchronization accuracy of incremental launching is improved by 40%, the deviation correction efficiency is increased by 35%, and the construction duration is shortened by 15%, thereby significantly advancing the intelligence and efficiency of bridge construction. This study not only provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the bridge construction industry but also opens new avenues for the systematic application of digital twin technology in civil engineering.