This paper introduces artificial intelligence methods in structural design, and further proposes a method for expressing building structural features, and constructs an automatic design method for frame structures centered on generating adversarial networks. In the data preprocessing stage, this paper proposes building feature expression methods and structural feature expression methods by analyzing building structural drawings. During constructing algorithm models, the adversarial algorithm is trained and generated under limited data to learn framework structure layout. A framework structure automatic layout model containing component size information is constructed based on building information, and evaluation indicators are proposed to quantify the structural design ability of the model. In the case study in this paper, the framework structure automatic layout model constructed is used to complete the automatic design of an actual building, which verifies the improvement of the proposed method in structural design efficiency.