In the context of the digital economy, the construction industry is accelerating its digital transformation and upgrading. The integration of digital construction technology with construction projects has become a crucial strategy for modern construction enterprises to innovate development modes and enhance growth momentum. This paper presents an in-depth study of digital construction technologies applied to transportation infrastructure projects, including BIM, UAVs, unmanned vessels, 3D laser scanning, and 3D printing. Through innovative applications of these technologies across various construction scenarios—air, water, and land—the paper highlights how these technologies facilitate the transformation of construction management practices, achieve cost reduction, and enhance efficiency. The study also addresses improvements in enterprise risk management and offers recommendations for advancing intelligent and sustainable development in the transportation infrastructure sector.