Building information model (BIM) brings the fundamental technological innovation to traditional architecture industry, which can optimize the construction process and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the building process. Based on the information exchange of heterogeneous information systems and data throughout the different stages of the whole life cycle of the practical building project, the article analyzes the existing situation of building information interoperability, proposes the ontology—based heterogeneous exchange model, explores the method of mapping the IFC data and relationship database with ontology model, and puts forward the ontology—based reasoning model. The article takes the suIface subsidence in the tunnel shield construction as an example, creates the ontology model of underground tunnel through the Protégé software, and proposes the early warning analysis of groud subsidence reasons through Jena inference engine.