Considering the large amount of prefabricated PC component and the high frequency of distribution, the transportation cost of the prefabricated PC component becomes one of the main factors affecting the cost composition of PC components. This paper researches on the traditional vehicle scheduling problem, particle swarm optimization algorithm and transportation influence factors, and establishes the transportation cost model of PC component based on vehicle fuel consumption and vehicle rental and artificial cost. Using precise algorithm is able to calculate the optimal solution but time-consuming, and traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm has some defects. So, with the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and accurate algorithm for an instance, vehicle scheduling scheme is obtained under two ways and comprehensive optimal cost is the same, which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the improved particle swarm algorithm that provides a good method to solve such problem.