Abstract: Due to the influence of printing materials, printing equipment, printing process and environmental conditions, it is difficult to control the quality of 3D concrete printing, and the common manual inspection is inefficient. Therefore, it is urgent to seek new inspection means. Machine vision technology, as a non-contact detection method, has gradually been applied in 3D concrete printing defect detection. To this end, this paper reviews the research status of machine vision technology in 3D concrete printing defect detection from three aspects: geometry and accuracy of 3D concrete printing, interlayer deformation and stability, and surface defects, which could provide reference for 3D concrete printing quality control and its development.