The detection of concrete structure entity is the key to ensure the safety of structure in building construction. Compared with traditional detecting, the detecting instruments of concrete structure have made great progress. However, data collection and statistical analysis are still conducted manually, which causes low efficiency, heavy workload, and data error prone, etc. In order to solve the existing problems in concrete structure quality inspection, this paper develops an intelligent detecting system of concrete structure on the basis of Internet of things. The system makes full use of the Internet of Things, mobile terminals and cloud platform to realize automatic collection, processing and upload of floor thickness detection and reinforcement cover thickness detection, which effectively improves the work efficiency of the two detection contents. Moreover, enterprises can monitor the detection data of projects in real time, which ensures the timeliness, authenticity, and accuracy of the detection data.