The civil engineering supports the construction of the basic facility and public and civil housing. The construction and service of civil structures will result in big data. It is the question considering by engineers and scientists that how to effectively use the big data to provide the basis for the subject development of civil engineering and decision making in practical engineering. This paper proposed several considerations about how the big data will affect the structural engineering from the evaluation of load, the bearing capacity and failure criterion of structures, seismic damage investigation, structural health monitoring and cloud computing.